https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02174-8

• Pirjo's article published in Nature
• From a counter-factual analysis - Indigenous-managed forests have received much less deforestation than others
• Pirjo commented on how the numerical evidence presented here helped this paper receive more attention than ones that focus on epistemology or Indigenous knowledge

Davi Kopenawa. The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman

• Based on his story, written in collaboration with French anthropologist Bruce Albert. Kopenawa is a shaman and political leader who is good at translating the Yanomami worldview into Portuguese.
• She shared this video about the shaman ritualwhich is related to the book
  • a view that the shamans are preventing the "skies from falling"

Different ontological models

Philippe Descola: Four ontologies:

• Animism (typical for North and South America)
  • Plants and animals have the same capacity for reason, but depending on their form they have different knowledge
• Totemsim (typical for Australia)
• Naturalism (typical for the West)
  • Opposite of Animism - different species have similar physicality but no similar interior consciousness
• Analogism (typical for Central America)
• Criticised for being too simplistic

Perspectivism

• Eduardo Viveiros de Castro wrote about how this philosophy is similar to South American Indigenous concepts - one of his articles is in the suggested reading here
• Linked to body adornment/drawing - taking the perspective of the natural world and bringing it into a yourself

Critique of perspectivism

• Criticised as anthropocentric - describing everything as human
  • Where is the fish-ness of a being if everything is human?