Biocultural concept

• Bridges concepts of nature and cultural -
  • e.g. biocultural diversity = biodiversity + cultural + linguistic diversity
  • Integrated whole formed by these

Indigenous People definition

• distinct social, economic or political systems from colonizer
• distinct language, culture and beliefs- non-dominant groups in society

David Harrison - Environmental Linguistics

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364252131_Environmental_Linguistics
• Relation between Indigenous languages and environmental conditions

Multi-species

Tuva people identify themselves based on mountain range

Tukha people case study

• Conflicts with Mongolian national park
• Specific regulations on hunting, harvesting of plants which are inflexible and not compatible with history
  • Loss of knowledge - since hunting is not allowed fewer young men come to camps in the summer
  • Food insecurity
  • Loss of crafting techniques from hunting
  • Forbidden to hunt wolves and bears because of tradition - they move away instead
    • It's believed that the only one who can kill a wolf is one who has a spiritual power
    • Often they will hire a hunter from far away to come kill the wolf since they believe the wolf will take revenge.
    • Compensation for loss of livestock by snow leopard
• Girls hair is cut in May with reindeer birth - boy's hair cut in September for hunting
• Many specific words related to reindeer herding in the language
  • Words being lost because of park restrictions